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Volume
Number 2 Issue 1 December 1990 The K.D. Smith Memorial Issue
Solid-State Technology Note many of these are
published on www.smecc.org now in cleaned up
form. We are retaining this index page due to the fact it is already found
it's way into many search engines Family and Friends Remember K.D. Smith
Dave Smith, Ian Ross, James Early, Robert Ryder
Early Days of the Transistor
John Bardeen
Transistors or Serendipity
Cullen Moore
Echo and Telstar
John Pierce
The Friendly Effect in Transistors
Robert Ryder
1951 Transistor Symposium At Murray Hill
Duplicating Ma Bell's Cooking
Morgan McMahon
The Diffusion Process
John Fairfield
Telstar - Dawn of a New Age
James Early
Changes in Solid State Devices Since Manufacture
Howard Dicken
Early Solid-State Work at RCA, and Other Stories
Ivan Saddler
The K.D. Smith Collection
A.C. Dickieson, Telstar's Project Manager
The Life of K.D. Smith at Bell Laboratories
Edward Sharpe
- The Southwest Museum Of Electricity And Communications
Address: 2224 West Desert Cove #205 Phoenix Arizona 85029
USA
All Material Copyrighted By The Southwest Museum Of Electricity And Communications
FULL TABLE OF CONTENTS IS LOCATED ON THE PAGE 84!
In Memoriam... Kenneth D. Smith
1905 - 1990
We at the museum regret the passing of Kenneth D. Smith. He was one
of the people who made a difference in advancing the technology on which
the world has come so much to depend. K.D., as his friends called him,
spent his working life at Bell Laboratories. He contributed to many different
projects ranging from Proximity Fuses and Radar during World War II, the
TD-2 trans-continental microwave relay system, and early development work
on transistors. In addition to transistors, K.D. was involved in the Bell
Solar Battery project, both in the 1950's, as well as working on the solar
cells that went up on Telstar. Other areas that K.D. was able to explore
during his service were high frequency transistors, power transistors,
varistors, rectifiers, and many other solid state components. He also made
an unusual contribution in that he preserved many experimental and development
model semiconductor devices and publications from the late 1940's thru
the 1960's. These items are the core of "The K.D. Smith Collection".
Besides being an excellent innovator, K.D. Smith was a fine human
being. Of all of the people I have spoken to about K.D., not a one had
a bad thing to say about him. In the following pages you will learn what
K.D. was involved with, as well as getting a picture of how his part fit
into the entire technological scheme of things. You will also read what
some of his co-workers thought of him. Mr. Smith will be missed by his
family, his friends, and those who were fortunate to meet him. - EAS
Editor's Corner By Edward A. Sharpe, Archivist Southwest Museum of
Electricity and Communications.
Welcome to the second volume of VINTAGE ELECTRICS! A lot has transpired
in the last year since we met here! In this issue we are going to explore
the early history of the transistor and other solid state marvels. In addition,
we will explore the communications satellite, Telstar.
Transistors and the space age! The tiny device that has changed all
of our lives is included in almost every piece of technology that we handle
in a day. Had not the pioneering engineers and scientists done the development
work, the items we use today would be vastly more bulky. From the exploratory
work on transistors and diodes came IC's, and the size continued to decrease!
It does seem perhaps odd, that what we considered modern day marvels
not that long ago, are now in a museum. As technology marches on, what
was a marvel only yesterday is replaced by yet something more fantastic.
To keep our country on course, not only do we need to look to the future,
but also study our past history, both the achievements and the failures.
The Museum has acquired the collection of early semiconductors that
belonged to K.D. Smith. Along with the semiconductors there are early prototype
Western Electric tubes. Through the generosity of K.D. Smith's son, Dave
Smith, we are fortunate to have many of his original notebooks on file
in the library, to serve not only us during our passage through this existence,
but also for the use of those that will follow us.
Joining us here I present a group of writers who have all had some
experience with early solid state technology, and some of them were even
K.D. Smith's colleagues back in the early solid state efforts at Bell Telephone
Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey.
When I surveyed the K.D. Smith collection, these innovators were
essentially my teachers and guideposts. Without their help the materials
you are viewing would not quite be in the order that they are now. I also
have them to thank for the `personalized' education in semiconductor development
that I have received!
I would like at this time to both introduce and thank Morgan McMahon,
Jim Early, Ivan Saddler, Bob Ryder, John Bardeen, Howard Dicken, John Fairfield,
Cullen Moore, John Pierce and A.C. Dickieson. Not only was their intellectual
support necessary, but their contributions here in the form of articles
and interviews are a valuable asset for those that share our interest in
the future.
In addition the following people deserve a big round of applause
as well! Lee Ann Sharpe; for her tolerance during construction of this
journal, as well as for many hours of proof reading. Gerry Higgins for
assistance in proof reading and organization of artifacts; the personnel
at Bell Laboratories for their permission to use articles and their encouragement.
Many thanks to Carol
Sadowski in particular!
The encouragement and support shown to the Southwest Museum of Electricity
and Communications and VINTAGE ELECTRICS by those in the Radio Amateur
field, particularly those who are members in the Quarter Century Wireless
Association ,The Society of Wireless Pioneers and the American Radio Relay
League, has been splendid. This technically aware militia has resulted
in the preservation of many items that otherwise would have taken up the
residence of a landfill.
None of the K.D. Smith Collection would be here had not Clem Chase,
after getting a call from the Smith family, taken the time to pile much
of what we now house as the K.D. Smith Collection into his pickup truck
and driven it up to Phoenix, where it was sorted and brought down to the
museum by Gerry Higgins and Harry Snyder.
We also acknowledge the encouragement and support shown us by members
of the engineering community. These fine fellows have contributed time
in tracking down information, spotting artifacts out in `the rough', bringing
by old engineering text books and in countless other ways.
To the younger folks that visit, you are indeed our prime motive
force of encouragement! The amazed look in your faces and the questions
you ask, reinforce that the actions we are taking to preserve our technological
past is worthwhile! Although those of us who have passed through the phases
of technology enjoy the items on display, in reality, the museum is here
for you!
The articles that you are about to explore are a mixture of information
from the aforementioned authors, as well as release articles reprinted
form the Bell Laboratories RECORD magazine. Some of the reprinted articles
have been edited due to space concerns. Not wishing to inundate our general
readership with differential equations, we have removed some of the `heavy'
parts. Of course these magazines, as well as the more technical BELL SYSTEM
TECHNICAL JOURNALS are available at the museum for the person who wishes
to dig deeper.
One thing all of us should consider; vintage electrical technology
daily hits the land fills across America. Only if we make a dedicated effort,
will the artifacts and literature of our technological history be preserved.
It is up to all of us who know the history of an item to make sure that
it will be kept secure for future scientists and engineers to study. We
can not rely on the actions of our heirs to accomplish it, as they may
not understand the implication that an artifact had on the development
of a technology. It is up to you and me in the present life to accomplish
this.
The museum is seeking items that would be of interest to the people
who indulge themselves in research at our facility, as well as those younger
folks who come just to find out how an old telephone or radio works. Please
do not dispose of anything before contacting us! -EAS
The Letter From Ian Ross, President of AT&T Bell Laboratories
About K.D. Smith
Table of Contents
In Memoriam... Kenneth D. Smith, By Edward A. Sharpe 2
Editor's Corner By Edward A. Sharpe, Museum Archivist . 3
The Letter From Ian Ross, President of AT&T Bell Laboratories
About K.D. Smith. 4
K.D. Smith Memoriam By Dave Smith 5
K. D. Smith - Memories By James M. Early 6
In Memoriam - Kenneth D. Smith By Robert Ryder 7
K. D. Smith and the Telephone Click Reducer By Dave Smith ..................................................8
The Early Days Of The Transistor, 1946 To 1951. By Professor John
Bardeen 10
About John Bardeen 16
John Bardeen, Transistor Pioneer Dies at 82 (Added since release
of V.E.) 17
The World Mourns The Passing Of A Great Physicist By Edward A. Sharpe
17
The Phototransistor, With Permission, Bell Laboratories RECORD May
1950 18
The Coaxial Transistor, With Permission, Bell Laboratories RECORD
April 1949 19
The Junction Transistor, Bell Laboratories RECORD, August 1951 20
SMEC Update. 22
Grown Junction Transistor Development K. D. Smith, Bell Laboratories
RECORD 23
Forty-Year Old Plastic Transistors By Howard Dicken 27
1951 Transistor Symposium at Murray Hill Bell Telephone RECORD November
1951 28
The Great Transistor Symposium Of 1951, An Attendee's Viewpoint by
Morgan E. McMahon 29
About Morgan McMahon 30
Duplicating Ma Bell"s Cooking By Morgan E. McMahon 31
Exploratory Development Characteristics For The BTL M1752 Transistor
32
SMEC Update 33
Teachers Taught About Transistors, Bell Telephone Laboratories Record
Aug. 1952 34
Junction Tetrode Transistor By R. L. Wallace, Jr. Transmission Research
35
About R. L. Wallace, Jr., 37
The "Friendly Effect" In Early Transistors. By Robert Ryder
39
About Robert M. Ryder . 40
Some Transistor Chronology From 40
The Bell Telephone Laboratories RECORD . 40
The Development of Diffusion For Semiconductor Device Fabrication
By John Fairfield 41
About John Fairfield 42
The Transistor or Serendipity and the Space Age. By W. Cullen Moore
43
The Human Side Of Early Electronics And Semiconductors By Ivan Saddler
44
About Ivan R. Saddler 47
Ed Sharpe's First Encounter With Transistors 47
The K.D. Smith Collection. By Edward A. Sharpe Archivist 48
The Life Of K. D. Smith At Bell Laboratories By Edward A. Sharpe
52
The Bell Solar Battery By D. M. Chapin, C. S. Fuller, and G. L. Pearson,
BTL RECORD 58
About The Authors 60
Bell Solar Battery in Experimental Service, Bell Laboratories RECORD,
November 1955 61
Echo - America's First Communications Satellite By John R. Pierce
63
About John R. Pierce . 66
Index
Symbols
100 foot balloon satellite63
1866; first trans-Atlantic wireless telegraph71
1901; first trans-Atlantic voice communication71
1927; first trans-Atlantic telephone cable71
1929,60
193053,60
1930-194052
193152
193574
193652
193755
1937 notebook55
1941 until 194352
1941-194452
194274
1944-194552
194564,74
1946-194753
194713,16,53
194816,31,40
1948-195153
194915
195015,40
195116,40,53,71
1951 Transistor Symposium at Murray Hill28
1951-195253,54
195215,40,49,51,63
1952 marked the turning point15
1952-195654
195340,54,60
195415,58,63,73,74
195554,61,66,73,74
195654,71
1956-Retirement55
195754,64,73
1957.54
195850,64,65,74,75
195964,66,71
196063,65,66,69,71,81
196155,72
196267,69,71,72,73
196373,74
1963.55
196553
196966
197166
1980's55
2N13545
3.7 and 4.2 Gigahertz.53
4 Gigahertz up and 6 Gigahertz down76
41649
432 silicon cells61
4A23
4A germanium grown junction transistor23
4C transistor26
50 low altitude satellites80
50 mW power handling level54
525 horizontal lines46
60-foot transmitting antenna for around $200,000.65
"75 Years In A Wonderful Life" is by Harald Friis75
94552
95554
A
A giant has passed from our midst (Comment about John Bardeen)17
"A New Microwave Television System" (Co-authored by K.
D. Smith)53
A-185826
A. C. Dickieson71
A. E. Anderson28,30
A. Tradup28
A.A. Roetken53
A.C Dickieson77
A.C. Dickieson53,75
A.I.E.E. Winter Convention19
A.T.&T.67
A169834
A185850
A1858 Grown Junction Transistor50
AAAS71
acceptor (p-type)23
acceptor impurities11
Acoustical Society of America37
active communication satellite66
active satellites72, 73
ad hoc panel on satellite communication64
Advanced Electronic Development Laboratory31
Advent64,73, 80
Advent, a proposed synchronous satellite73
ADVENT debacle80
Advisory Group on Electron Devices71
Aerobee launch vehicle44
Aerospace Corporation66
"Aerospace Men Of The Year" in 196275
AF Cambridge Research Laboratories43, 44
AFCRL43,44
Affel, H. A.28,29
AFIP46
Africa80
AIEE53
Air Force28,40,43,72,75
Air Force Assoc.75
Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories43
Air Force summer study64
Al Goldsmith45,46
Alamogordo, New Mexico44
Alan Glover44
Alan Wilson10
Aleutians74
Allentown40
Allentown, Pa.40
Alloy50
Alloy16
Alloy junction16
Alloy transistors45
Alloying59
Alpha25, 27
Althea Harmer Bardeen16
Aluminum coated mylar64
Aluminum for a receiving antenna65
AM radios39
Amateur astronomer7
Amateur radio7
Amer. Soc. Eng. Educ.16
America went to war52
American67,73,77
American Academy of Sciences16
American British plan77
American Electro-Chemical Society42
American electronic industry28
American flag flying67
American GO Association8
American missile programs74
American Philosophical Society16
American Physical Society16,42
American-Japanese underwater 128 channel cable80
Americus, Georgia26,61, 62, 77
Amplification of an AC. signal11
Amplifiers13, 26,63
Amplifying device20
AN/APQ 1352
AN/APQ 2352
AN/PRC 2545
Analogy23
Anderson28,30
Andover67,68,69,72
Andover antenna67
Andover, Maine69,72
Andover, Me67
Andover radome69
Anisotropic dielectric waveguides71
Antenna on top used for79
April Fool43
APS71
Archivist48
Arizona42,48
Arizona Electrostatic Discharge Society47
Arizona State University47
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology46
Army28,40
Army Electronics Research and Development Command45
ARPA64
Arsenic42,59
Art Crawford65
Arthur C. Clarke63, 64, 73
Arthur C. Crawford65
Arthur Clarke's book, Ascent to Orbit73
Artifact13,48,50,51,52
Artifacts7
Ascent to Orbit, a Scientific Autobiography73
Associated Press67
Associates of K.D. Smith48
Astounding Science Fiction63
Astronauts78
Asynchronous low orbit satellite71
AT&T39,63,69,71,72,73,79,82,83
AT&T Bell Laboratories63, 69
Atkins43
Atlanta61
Atmosphere43
Atoms59
Audio Engineering"43
Automatic routing40
B
B-power43
B. Lax, M. I. T.34
B. R. Russell, U. of Penn.34
"Back dope"39
Backbone trans-continental microwave relay53
Baker64
BALLOON SATELLITE ORBITS; DELAYED MESSAGE63
balloon-type satellites63
Baltimore46
Barbara Barosa47
Bardeen9,13,14,15,16,17,21,29,31,34,49,
53,77
Bare Solar Cells In Earth Space Orbits55
Barnes, Sandy31
Barney Oliver75
Barrier11
Base electrode14
Base layer25
Base material44
Base-region minority carriers29
Battery charging tests58
Battle of Britain39
Bell15,16,17,48,51,71,80,81
Bell Laboratories6,11, 13, 16, 17,22, 39,43,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,
55,56,57,59,61,63,64,65,67,71,72,73,74,
75,78,80,82,83
Bell Laboratories RECORD49,52,58,
77,78
Bell Laboratories RECORD May 195018
Bell Laboratories RECORD April 194919
Bell Laboratories RECORD, August 195120
Bell Laboratories RECORD, July - August 196267
Bell Laboratories RECORD, November 195561
Bell Laboratories staff50
Bell Laboratories status reports51
Bell Laboratories TRANSISTOR TECHNOLOGY54
Bell Labs Ge, grown junction, NPN transistor27
Bell Labs GO Club8
Bell Labs in 1951 for university faculty16
BELL LABS NEWS53
Bell Patent Department48,51
Bell scientists21
Bell Solar Battery26,48, 50, 51, 54,58,59,60,61
Bell Solar Battery in Experimental Service61
Bell System29,48,52,54,67,71,72
Bell System DATASPEED67
Bell System Technical Journal20, 49, 52
Bell Telephone63
Bell Telephone Laboratories16,21,26,
28,29,34,37,39,40,48,51,54,56,66,79
Bell Telephone Laboratories Record Aug. 195234
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES NOTES49
Bell Telephone Laboratories RECORD40, 54
Bell Telephone operating companies67
Bell Telephone RECORD November 195128
Bells Labs75
"Beta"41
Better rural telephone service61
Biased14
Bill Jakes65,66
Bill Pfann39
Binary sequence78
Bipolar16
Bipolar transistor14, 71
Bloch10
Bloch theory of energy bands10
Blount40
Bob Caruthers30
Bob Hope75
Bob Ryder22,30,33,48,49
bond24,25
Bonding36
Bonding machine37
Bonding operation35
Bonestell63
Books on solid state49
Boonton Radio Corporation `Q METER'52
Booster72
Boron59
Boron (p) doping44
Boron compound60
Boston University44
Boston University.43
Boundary layer43
Brattain9,10, 11,16,17,29,31,34,53,77
Bridgers36
Britain67,73
British68,72,76,77,82
British IRE convention55
British Post Office76
British way!82
British were very unhappy77
Broad-band frequency modulation,71
Broadband communication transmission67
Broadband microwave radio systems26
Broadening of p-layer25
Brooklyn82
Brooklyn Polytechnic82, 83
Brown55,69,74,78,79
BTL31,32,51,79
BTL Seminar29
Buckley Prize16
Bulk13
Bulk and surface properties11
Bulk to P-type11
Bulova45
Buried channel CCD imagers (James M. Early)71
Burkhard34
Burt Miller31
C
C. Chapin Cutler65, 68
C.E. Atkins43
Cal Quate64
Cal-Tech63, 66
Calculate path losses and antenna gain80
Calculations for active satellites63
California66, 71,82
California Institute of Technology63
Calvin S. Fuller58, 60, 61
Calvin Tomkins74
Cambridge,, (U.K.)16
Cambridge Research Laboratories43. 44
Can about as big as the eraser13
Cape Canaveral67,68,72
Cape Canaveral, Florida. Within hours of the launch67
Cape Kennedy72
Carborundum24
Carbrey36
Card translator40
Carefree Arizona48
Carrier generator44
Carrier injection15
Carrier" principle62
Carrier systems52
Carriers10,11
Caruthers28,30
Catalyzers25
Cat's whisker11
CBS45,46
CBS system45,46
Cell support70
Center for Advanced Study of the University16
Center For Computer Research In Music66
Centralized reference resource51
CEO of Computer Exchange17
Ceramic cell support70
Chancellor Morton Weir17
Chapin58,60, 61
Charge-coupled devices40
Charges a storage battery60
Chase48
Chemical etch35
Chemical etchant45
Chernov72
Chesley Bonestell63
Chrominance46
Ciccolella23
Circular polarized wave77
Cited Clarke's paper in everything we published" (Telstar, Pierce)64
Clare Thornton45
Clarke64,73,74
Clem Chase48
Co-development of the theory of superconductivity17
Co-inventor of the transistor17
Coaxial cable terminals52
Coaxial packages31
Coaxial point-contact transistor31, 19
Collect artifacts49
Collection came to the museum48
Collection of preliminary sketches49
Collection of transistors51
Collector13,14
Collector space charge6
Color filters45
Color television44,46
Command and telemetry79
Command channel circuit78, 79
Command channel problems77
Command guidance system67
Common carrier band76
Common carrier 4 to 676
Common emitter circuit25
Common-emitter junction transistor circuits30
Communication satellite53, 55, 63,64,73, 79
Communications79
Communications Satellite Act on August 1, 196273
Communications Satellite Corporation73, 74
Communications systems66
Computer Exchange17
COMSAT (Communications Satellite Corporation)73, 74
Conduction band10,11,13
Conductivity of the aluminum coating64
Converts sunlight directly60
"Cooperative diffusion"42
Coradeschi61
Cornell79
Coupling, J. J. 66
Courier74,76
Crawford65,66
Crawford's Hill, New Jersey63, 66, 72
Creation of a development device54
Crude prototype stage54
Crystal59
Crystal defects42
Crystal detector51
Crystal lattice58
Crystal perfection and purity15
Crystal-growing machine36
Crystodyne Principle",43
Crystron43
Cullen Moore43,75
Current injection15
Current transmission factor alpha25
Current-amplifying transistor40
Cutler65,68
D
D. F. Ciccolella23
D. Houk40
D. W. Gade, Iowa State34
Damage by radiation69
DARPA64
Dartmouth College26,42
Daryl M. Chapin58, 60, 61
Data67
DATASPEED Bell System data communications)67
Date of the invention (Transistor)13
Dave Smith49
Davey28,30
David Packard75
David Sarnoff44
Dean Wooldridge31
Decay rates on the solar cells78
December 23, 194713
Defense Department45
DeGaul77
Delhi, India16
Delta vehicle72
Demise of the TD-2 system53
Demonstration model14
Department of Defense64
Depletion of minority carriers51
Depletion region70
Des Moines Iowa66
Design theory of bipolar transistors71
Design was before it's time57
Development13
Development and manufacture of RADAR52
Development Model Transistor50
Development model power point contact bead transistor50
Development model power point contact diode50
Development model tetrode transistor50
Development of diode and transistors55
Development of test methods52
Development prototype26
Development to production26
Device people (at BTL)79
Dial switching equipment40
Diamond heat sinks7
diamond-faced wheel24
Dichroic filters45
Dicken22,27,48
Dickieson53,71,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83
Dickten35,37,50
Died Jan. 30, 1991 of a heart attack (John Bardeen)17
Diffusant42
Diffuse14,61
Diffused junction transistor16
Diffused junction transistors16
Diffused N+ surface layer70
Diffusion42,59
Diffusion coefficient42
Diffusion experiment60
Diffusion For Semiconductor Device Fabrication41
Diffusion into solids58
Diffusion methods58
Diffusion process41,59
Diffused Base50
Diminishment in solar cell output78
Diode39,41,50, 51, 55
Diodes protect meters (K. D. Smith)54
Dislocations42
Disoriented crystal debris24
Disturbed layer24
Ditzenberger60
Division 4, National Defense Research Committee52
DM Data Inc.27
Don Williams73
Donor (n-type)23
Donor and acceptor impurities11
Donor impurities10
Donors10
Don't Write, Telegraph63
Door-knob tube43
Dopant42
Dopant concentration41
Dopant depths41
Doped24,59
Doping44
Dorlon28
Double surface transistor31
Dozen stamps in various countries that commemorate Telstar76
Dr. Al Goldsmith45,46
Dr. Alan Glover44
Dr. B. Lax, M. I. T.34
Dr. Bardeen10
Dr. Bardeen's letter to the museum34
Dr. Charles Bardeen16
Dr. Charles R. and Althea Harmer Bardeen16
Dr. Dickieson83
Dr. Goldmark46
Dr. Goldsmith46
Dr. Harper Q. North31
Dr. J. B. Fisk67
Dr. J. N. Shive40
Dr. John Bardeen9,34
Dr. Kelly28
Dr. Marcus O'Day43
Dr. Peter Goldmark45,46
Dr. Pierce63,83
Dr. Shockley20,21,40
Dr. Thornton45
Dr. Werner von Braun43
Dryden72
Duality29
DUPLICATING MA BELL'S COOKING31
Dynamic Cutoff of Vacuum Tubes (K. D. Smith)52
E
E. D. Kolb36
E. Dickten35,37
E. F. (Gene) O'Neill69
E. J. Scheibner, Ill. Inst. of Tech.34
Earliest spacecraft to have a song composed about it (Telstar)75
Early, James M.22,48,49,51,55,62,69,70,
71,80
Early Bird73
Early design P on N50
Early Developments15
Early Effect71
Early literature51
Early Point Contact Transistor50
Earth-coverage diagrams64
Earth's magnetosphere69
Easy to obtain licenses15
Echo(metalized balloon) 63,64,65,66,71,72,73,74,
79, 80,83
Echo suppressors on long cables80
ECL71
Economic effect of the transistor17
"Economical Diffused Junction Varistors" (K. D. Smith)54
ECS71
ED Adcom71
Ed Sharpe's First Encounter With Transistors47
ED Transactions71
Editor's Corner3
Edward A. Sharpe17, 47, 48,52,75
Edward Sharpe: CEO of Computer Exchange17
Effects of that high altitude test79
Efficiency of about 6 per cent59
Eisenhower63,66
El Paso, Texas43
Electric eye18,40
Electric field11
Electrical Engineering magazine31
Electricity and Communications48
Electron concentration?13
Electron Device Research Conference69
Electron-hole pairs58, 59
Electronic Development Department40
ELECTRONICS54
Electronics51
Electronics in space76,80
Electrons14,58
Electrons and holes10
Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors By W. Shockley21
Electrons and holes in semiconductors15
Electrons injected14
Electrostatic potential11
Electrostatic precipitators45
Electrostatic shielding19
Elizabeth73
Ely28
Emitter14
Encapsulate44
Energy band diagrams11
Engineers Club83
England76,81,82
Englewood, N. J.40
English72,76
English terminal at Goonhilly Downs72
Enlargement of the base layer25
ERPE82
Etch24
Ethylene-glycol43
Europe73,76
Evaporated gold spot13
Expansion of university programs16
Experimental examples48
Experimental field effect amplifier13
Experimental Service, .62
Exploded in the upper atmosphere69
EXPLORATORY DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE BTL M-175232
Explorer78
Extra-Terrestrial Relays64,74
Extrinsic10
F
F. E. Blount40
F. E. Dorlon28
F. R. Kappel67
F.M. Smits55
F.M. terminal systems53
Fabrication41
Fabrication required great advances15
Fabrication techniques23
Facsimile67
Facsimile transmission67
Facts About the Bell Solar Battery60
Faculty member at the university17
Failure in the command channel78
Fairchild71
Fairfield, John41,42,51
Fairfield Company42
Falcon missile31
FCC45,46, 66,76
Fears of astronauts78
Federal Communications Commission45, 46, 66, 76
Felker28,30
Fermi level11
Fiber optic cable80
Fiber optic networks53
Field effect amplifier131
Field or bulk effects43
Field tests52
Field-effect transistor11, 16,39
Fifteen times more efficient60
Film11
Finney63
Fips43
First bipolar transistor10
First junction transistors15
First model, called Type A (Transistor)13
First point-contact transistors39
First television relay via satellite51
First Telstar broadcast69
First trans-Atlantic telephone cable, 195671
First trans-Atlantic television transmission, 196271
First transatlantic television programs72
First transistorized repeater experiment50
First use of the satellite67
Fisk64,67
Five watt transmitter79
Flood58
Florida67
Flow of electrons and holes in semiconductors15
FM with feedback65
Formal presentations and papers54
"FORTY-YEAR OLD PLASTIC TRANSISTORS" (Howard Dicken)27
Forward direction14
Fourth electrode40
Fox Movietone82
Foy, P.W.34
France67,69,73,81
Frank J. Early71
Franklin Institute16
Franklin Medal, Franklin Inst.,16
Frederick Kappel71
Free carriers11
French67,68,72,76,77
French picked up Telstar right away77
French terminal at Pleumeur Badeau72
Frequency cut-off of alpha25
Frequency cutoff25
Frequency question76
Friedolf M. Smits70
Friendly Effect39,40
Friis53,65,75
Fuller58, 60,61
Future of telecommunications74
Future world of solid state in 195153
G
G. Burkhard, U. of Colo.34
G. J. Stiles68
G. K. Teal20,40
G. L. PEARSON58
G. L. Pearson28,58,61
G. Raisbeck28
Gade34
Galena detector47
Gallium42
Gaseous atmosphere61
GE43,51
GE indium-germanium6
Gemmological Institute of America47
Gene(E. F.) O'Neill71
General David Sarnoff44, 46
General Electric16,31
Generator of minority carriers26
Geo-synchronous80
George Brown74
George O. Smith74
George Washington University Law School47
Georgetown University16
Georgia50,61,77
Gerald L. Pearson10, 29, 60
Gerdsen61
German43
Germanium11,13,14,18,23, 24,31,34,44,45,51
Germanium alloy transistors45
Germanium bar23
Germanium grown junction transistor23,24
Germanium transistors44
Germanium wedge19
Germanium-gold alloy region24
Germans77
Gerry Higgins48
Getter42
Glennan66
Glit31
Glover44
Gls with walkie talkies communicating by satellite64
Go7
GO Ban7
Gold13, 79
Gold spot13
Gold wire25,36
Gold-germanium alloy24
Goldmark45,46
Goldsmith45,46
Goldstone64,66
Goonhilly Down, England67, 72
Gorden Teal54
Gordon Raisbeck28,29,30
Gordon Teal15,21
Government16
Government agencies28,40
Government contracts51
Gradients at the junctions41
Gravity-gradient attitude control66
Gray code30
Great Depression of the 1930's7
Great Physicist17
Great reading, not only for the beginner54
Ground station79,82
Ground terminal72,74
Grow crystals15
Grown by pulling from a melt15
Grown crystal51
Grown junction45. 50
Grown junction n-p-n transistor26
Grown junction tetrode transistor50, 54
Grown Junction Transistor54
Grown junction transistor21, 22,24,45, 54
Grown Junction Transistor Development54
Grown Junction Tetrode Transistors Made by Dickten50
Grown Junction Transistor Development23
Gulf Research and Development Corp.16
H
H. A. Affel28,29
H. B. Ely28
H. E. Bridgers36
Hall16
Harald Friis65,75
Harold Rosen73,74
Harper Q. North31
Harris28,30
Harry Nyquis83
Harry Snyder48
Harvard University16,37
Hermann Oberth73
Hewlett, Bill75
Hewlett Packard75
HF radio80
Higgins48
High altitude atomic tests55
High altitude Geo-synchronous satellite80
High altitude nuclear test77
High altitude satellite80
High altitudes43
High energy electrons and ions69
High Power Point Contact Development Model Transistor50
High-efficiency solar cells69
High-frequency tetrode26
High-power transistor15
High-quality single crystals15
His efforts developing the transistor (Bardeen)17
Historical development of solid state51
Historical examples50
Historical grouping50
Historical samples50
Holes10,14, 58
Holloman Air Force Base44
Hollywood53
Holmdel65,67,68,75
Holmdel Laboratory65,73
Holmdel test68
Holovitz11
Home Secretary72
Hope75
Horn antenna65
Hornbeck79
Hotel Suburban69
Houk40
Howard Dicken22,27,48
Hudspeth73
Hugh L. Dryden72
Hughes32,51, 73,79,81
Hughes Aircraft31,47,73
Hughes Aircraft Company29
Hughes Aircraft's semiconductor Division30
Hughes point-contact transistor32
Hughes Syncom 273
Hundred-megahertz bandwidth71
Hunt Club69
Hybrid microcircuit47
Hydrogen bomb69
I
"I knew the transistor was important" (John Bardeen)17
Ian Ross4
IBM42
ICE27
IEEE10, 63,71
IEEE PROCEEDINGS71
Illinois16
Image Orthicon45
IMPATT Diode51
Impurities11,42
Impurity ions10
India16
Indian Institute of Technology16
Indian National Science Academy16
Induced charges11
Inert gas42
Ingots11
Inside The Transistor50
Inst. of Electronics and Telecommunications (India)16
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers63
Institute of Radio Engineers20,63
Integrated Circuits44
International Society of Hybrid Microcircuits47
Interstate 1049
Intrinsic barrier transistor6
Intrinsic Semiconductor10
Invention of the point-contact transistor14
Inversion layer11
Ion implantation42
Ion implanter71
Ionizing radiation70
Ionospheric signal receivers44
Ions69
Iowa66
Iowa State University27
IRE63
IRE Semiconductor Research Conference June 195354
"Island Transistor" (As per K. D. Smith)57
Ivan R. Saddler22,44, 47
J
J. A. Ditzenberger60
J. A. Morton20,28
J. Bardeen31
J. H. Felker28,30
J. H. Scoff58
J. N. Shive19,28,40
J. R. Davey28,30
J. R. Harris28,30
J. R. Schrieffer16
J. W. McRae34
J.F. Wentz53
J.J. Coupling63,66
Jack Morton13,15,28,29,30,39
Jack Morton Tube49
Jack Saddler48
Jaffe72
Jakes65,66,68
James B. Fisk64
James M. Early6, 22, 48, 49, 51,55, 62, 69, 71, 78, 80
James Madison Medal, Princeton16
Jan. 30, 19917
Jane Maxwell16
Japan74
Japan Academy16
Jet Propulsion63
Jet Propulsion Laboratory63,64
Jig-fabricated devices31
John71
John Bardeen9,10,16,17,21,49
John Bardeen in his later years17
John Bardeen, Transistor Pioneer Dies at 8217
John Bardeen was really the brains77
John Fairfield41,51
John Hornbeck79
John Mayo78
John N. Shive18,29
John R. Pierce63,66,75, 71, 80
John Roberts66
John Scott Medal, Philadelphia16
John Shive14
John W. Finney63
Johnson67
Johnston26
Jones74
Journal of Electrochemical Society54
JPL65,66,79,81
JPL's Goldstone site64
Juarez, Mexico,43
Junction14, 15,41
Junction amplifiers30
Junction performance26
Junction tetrode transistor35,37
Junction transistor6,13, 25, 14,15,16,20, 22, 25, 26,29, 30, 32,39,
40, 48
Junction transistor development26
Junction type Transistors28
Junctions42
Junctions were photosensitive58
June, 194813
K
K. D. Smith4, 5, 7,22, 23, 33, 48, 51, 52,53, 54, 55, 70, 76, 77,
78
K. D. Smith's career52
K. Metzgar34
K.D. Smith at Bell Laboratories53,
54,55,56,57
K.D. Smith, photo of ca. 193056
K.D. Smith Collection27,48,49,50,51
K.D. Smith's Field notes53
K.D. Smith's preservation efforts50
K.D.'s notebooks55
Kappel67,71
Kappel-Fisk interview67
Karl Lark-Holovitz11
Kelly28,64,83
Ken Smith7,8
Kenelm McCauley16
Kennedy75
Kenneth D. Smith2, 26
Kept the idea to himself14
Klahn68
Koji Kobayashi74
Kolb36
Kompfner64,65,66,72,83
Korean War45
L
L. G. Schimpf37
L. N. Cooper16
L. R. Lowry68
Lab notebooks (That belonged to K. D. Smith)48
Laboratories64
Laboratory demonstration model14
Lancaster, Pennsylvania46
Langley Field64
Lansdale Transistor45
Large area silicon devices26
Large power rectifiers54
Las Cruces, New Mexico43
Las Vegas75
Lattice10,45
Launch capability77
Launch vehicle44,72
Lax, Dr. B.34
Lebedev Institute in Moscow72
LeeAnn Sharpe49
Legislated the Bell System out of international satellite business73
Leonard Jaffe72
Lepselter70
Let's be Practical About Space66
Letter From Ian Ross4
Library51
Licenses15
Life Of K. D. Smith At Bell Laboratories52
Light as a carrier generator44
Little40
Live broadcast from France discussed in text78
Live broadcast from the white house75
Live Via Satellite 77
Load between the collector and base13
Long cables80
Long distance communication53
Long distance telephone calls49, 53
Long distance telephone traffic53
Loomis Lab10
Loren Jones74
Los Angeles82
Los Angles to San Francisco82
Low altitude orbit80
Low-altitude satellites66
Lowry68
Low temperature superconductivity17
Lyndon B. Johnson67
M
M 1689 Point Contact Bead Transistors50
M and A series numbers51
M series part48
M-1752 (Transistor)6, 22,26,32, 48,51, 54
M-1752 prototype26
M. J. Kelly10
M. Sparks23,28,35
Machine Design55
Macy's7
Madison Central High16
Madison, Wisconsin16
Madison, Wisconsin16
Madras, India16
Magnetic field of the earth69
Magnetic materials60
Magnetosphere69
Magnetron resonances71
Maine69
Manhattan Engineer District, Oak Ridge, Tenn.71
Manned exploration of space64
Manned space station at the Trojan position74
Manned space stations74
Manned synchronous satellites for communication63
Marconi International Fellowship74
Marcus O'Day43
Martin P. Lepselter70
Martin Summerfield63
Mary Agnes Early71
Maryland66
Maser low-noise amplifier65
Massachusetts64
Maxwell16
Mayo78
McCarty Wireless Telephone Company8
McCauley16
McDavitt71
McMahon29,30,31,32,33,48,49,51
McRae34
Medal of Honor, Inst. of Electrical and Electronic16
Melt41
Memorandum For Record50
Memoriam - Kenneth D. Smith7
Mervin J. Kelly6
Mesa construction45
MESA TRANSISTOR57
Metal point contact13
Metallic lacquers59
Metallized balloon64
Meteorites78
Metzgar34
Mexico43
Michelson-Morley Award, Case-Western Reserve16
Micro-meteorite damage to solar cells78
Micro-meteorites78
Microlectron, Inc.47
Micromanipulator25, 26,35
"Micrometeorites And Damage To Bare Solar Cells In Orbit"
(By K. D. Smith)55
Microwave65
Microwave Radio Relay System53
Microwave relay51
Microwave relay systems80
Microwaves64
Military operations at Whippany79
Military pathologists46
Military services28
Miller31
Milwaukee, Wisconsin16
Mini-grown junction triode50
Minnesota16
Minority carrier lifetimes25
Minority carriers26,29,45,51
Missile guidance systems51
MIT Radiation Laboratory31
Mixers39
Mobile carriers11
Mobility of the electrons and holes15
Mohammed Ulysses Fips43
Molecular nature of polymers60
Money no object!79
Monsanto Co.16
Moore43,44,75
Morgan66
Morgan E. McMahon29,30,31, 33, 48, 49, 51
Morgan Sparks20,21,29,40,54
Morton13,15,20,28,29,30,39,49
Morton tube49
Morton Weir17
MOS devices42
Most brilliant of the development group17
Motor-generator43
Motorola27,44,45
Motorola Executive Institute47
Motorola Semiconductor Products47
Mott11
Mount Wilson53
Movies44
Mr. Bardeen, 82, a two-time Noel Prize winner17
Mr. Bardeen considered the superconductivity17
Mr. Dicken27
Mr. Ditzenberger60
Mr. Fuller60
Mr. Kappel67
Mr. Paul Bates10
Mr. Saddler47
Mr. Smith26
Mrs. Kenelm McCauley16
Murray Hill Laboratories28,69, 71
Murray Hill, NJ28, 29, 34, 40, 69, 71
Museum17,19,33,34,48,49,51,
52,53,54,55,62,75
Museum library55
N
N on P solar cells81
N on P structure7,51
n+ material44
N+ on P cells70
N-P-N24
N-P-N grown crystal26
N-P-N grown junction germanium transistor25
N-P-N grown transistors23
N-P-N junction26
N-P-N junction transistor24,35
N-P-N transistor23,26
N-P-N transistor, the A-185826
N-region13
N-side14
N-type10, 11, 14, 23,25, 41
N-type material23
N-type silicon59,61
N. F. Mott11
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 51,55,63,64,65,67,
69,71,72,73, 74,76,78,80,81,82
National Academy of Engineering16
National Academy of Sciences16,72
National Aeronautics and Space Administration63
National Defense Research Committee52
National Electronics Conference54
National Inventors Hall of Fame16
National Medal of Science16
Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Washington16, 17
Naval Research Laboratory66
Navy28,40
NDRC52
NEC74
Necropsy46
Negative-conductivity germanium.24
Negative-conductivity material61
Neoprene O-ring42
Netherlands16
Network television programming53
New Hampshire at Durham69
New Jersey28,40,45,63,82
New Mexico43
New York16,28,53,67,71,80
New York City13,82
New York State College of Forestry71
New York Times of August 13, 196063
Nike missile72
Nippon Club8
Nobel Prize16, 17, 65
Nobel Prize (Physics)16
Non-common carrier radio relay76
Non-equilibrium conditions15
North31
Notebooks, of K. D. Smith48
Notre Dame16
NPN grown junction transistor54
NPN junction transistor14
NPNP29
NRDC52
NRDC ID card52
NTSC46
Nuclear test77
Nyquist83
O
O.S.R.D.37
O.S.U71
Oberth73
O'Day43
ODDR&E71
Office of Scientific Research and Development52
Ohio State University71
Ohl11,58
Oliver75
Omnidirectional radiation pattern71
O'Neill69,70,71
Operational military communication system64
Orbital Radio Relay63
Orderly progression of demonstrating feasibility80
Organ Pipe Mountains43
Oscillator13, 40
Oscilloscope26, 36
O'Sullivan64
O'Sullivan's balloon64
Our nation's eyes to protect us52
Oven firing59
Oxford England55
P
P carrier system26
P on N Bell Solar Batteries50
P+ on N cells70
p-layer25,36,59
P-N hook effect29
P-N junction15, 24, 25, 34, 58,61
P-N-I-P35
P-region13
P-side14
P-type10,11,14, 23, 41, 42, 70
P-type material23
P. W. Foy34
P1 carrier system (First use of Bell Solar Battery)77
Packard75
Paint on method42
Palo Alto71
"Papa" Friis"75
"Pappy" White43
parallel contacts13
Paris43,77
particle detectors40
Partly Baked Ideas (A K. D. Smith concept)48
Passive satellite ECHO-180
Patent applications13
Patent licensing agreements81
Patent papers62
Patent rights82
Patents15
Pathology46
PBI's (See Partly Baked Ideas)48
PEARSON58,60
Pearson10,11,16,28,58,61
Pen name of John Roberts and J.J. Coupling (Used by John R. Pierce)66
Pennsylvania11,46
Penzias65
Penzias and Wilson65
Peter Goldmark45,46
Pfann39
PGED Washington Conference 195554
PGED Washington Conference 195654
Philadelphia16,46
Philco45
Philmore47
Phoenix17,42
Phosphor-bronze44
Phosphorus42
Photo of K.D. Smith ca. 193056
Photo-electric cell18
Photocells79
Photoconductivity10
Photoelectric device21
Photolithography41
Photons59
Photons of light energy58
Photosensitive58
Phototransistor18, 40
Physical Research Department60
Physical Review20
Physical Review of July 194831
Physicist17
Physics43
PI62
Pickering64
Picture of the three operators in England77
Picture tube45, 46
Pierce, John63,64,65,66,71,72,
73,74,75,80
Pearson29
Pietenpol20, 22,40
Pilot run34
PIN diodes51
Pioneer Dies at 82 (John Bardeen)17
Pipe42
Pittsburgh, PA16
Plastic encapsulation, Transistors27
Platinum70
Pleumeur-Bodou, France67, 72
PN junction13,14
Point contact13,41, 50
Point contact bead transistor50
Point Contact Development Model Transistor50
Point contact transistor10, 13, 15,
29, 31, 34,44,53
Point contacts13,14
Point-contact15,40
Point-contact amplifier behavior29
Policeman watching49
Polycrystalline ingot slices31
Polycrystalline ingots11,15
Polymers60
Pomona College26
Pope, T. N.28
Positive carriers24
Positive space-charge11
Power point contact diode50
Power rectifiers60
Power transistors54
Predicted radiation-induced decrease69
Preliminary sketches49
Presented with an award52
President Eisenhower63,66
President Kennedy75
President of AT&T Bell Laboratories4
Presidential Medal of Freedom16
Press conference in New York City13
Princeton16,63
Princeton Research Center44
Princeton University16
Proceedings of the IRE64
Production models54
Productive engineer49
Prof. B. R. Russell, U. of Penn.34
Prof. D. G. Burkhard, U. of Colo.,34
Prof. John Bardeen34
Professor Martin Summerfield63
Project ADVENT80
Project Echo64
Project engineer54
Project engineer for what became Telstar71
"Properties and Applications of Diffused Junction Transistors"54
Properties of Grown Junction Transistors54
Proton flux55
Prototype of the transistor radio17
Proximity fuses26,52
Pseudonym J.J. Coupling63
Pulse-coded command signals43
Pulsed base contact32
Q
Q METER52
QCWA48
Quad Darlington configurations (After B. N. Oliver)75
Quarter Century Wireless Association48
Quartz crystal5
Quate64
Queen Elizabeth73
Question about polarization (Telstar)77
R
R. A. Coradeschi61
R. E. Yaeger28
R. Klahn68
R. L. (Bob) Wallace30
R. L. Carbrey36
R. L. Johnston26
R. L. Johnston bonding leads to n-p-n junction26
R. L. Trent28
R. L. Wallace, Jr.20,22, 28,35, 37, 40, 54
R. M. (Bob) Ryder6, 28, 29
R. M. Showers, U. of Penn.34
R. N. Hall16
R. S. (Bob) Caruthers28, 30
R. S. Ohl58
R.E. (Bob) Yeager30
R.W. Friis53
RADAR51. 52, 53
Radar bombing equipment26
Radiation belt55
Radiation from outer space69
Radiation in space. It was Walter Brown's experiment79
Radiation Laboratory at MIT11
Radiation resistance test facility69
Radiation susceptibilities69
Radiation test facility70
Radiation-resistant high-efficiency solar cells69
Radio45
Radio and Television News43
Radio Corporation of America72
Radio Electricite43
Radio "ham"7
Radio links74
Radio News43
Radio receiver39
Radio receiver without vacuum tubes13
Radio tubes48
Radiocraft43
Raisbeck28,29,30
Ramo, Si31
Ratio of electron current24
RCA6,44,45,46,51,72,74,76
RCA built the RELAY76
RCA Princeton Research Center44
RCA Research Labs45
RCA Semiconductor47
Real-time television69
Receiver63, 79
Recombination45
Recombination catalyzers25
RECORD49,78
RECORD June, 1954, page 203.35
RECORD, October, 1954, page 384.35
Rectification11
Rectification at a P-N Junction15
Rectifying14
Rectifying contact11
RELAY76
Relay72,78
RELAY came after TELSTAR76
RELAY satellite they should used a tripler76
Reliability15
Renesselaer Polytechnic Institute16
Repeatered routes53
Reproducibility15
Reproducibility and reliability were poor15
Reproducibility of point-contact transistors15
Research funds to universities16
Research group in solid-state physics at Bell17
Response of silicon solar cell58
Reverse direction14
Rhoda G. Early71
Right-hand and lefthand polarization72
Robert Gibney10
Robert M. Ryder7, 8, 39, 40
Robert Seamans, Jr.72
Roberts66
Rochester, New York16
Rock and roll back in the early 60's (Telstar song)76
Rocket43
Roetken53
Rose Polytechnic Inst.16
Rosen73,74
Ross4
Rough drafts49
Roy Tillotson65,66,71
Royal Society of London16
Rudi (Rudolpf) Kompfner64,65,66,72,83
Rural telephone lines62
Rural telephone service61
Rural telephone system62
Russell34
Russell Ohl11
Russian Government Radio Laboratories43
Ryder, Robert M.22,28,29,33,39,40,
48,49
S
Saddler22,44,45,46, 47, 48
Salt Lake City82
Sam Morgan66
San Francisco82
San Jose Mercury News 1/31/9117
Sandblasting broke the single crystal70
Sandia Corporation27
Sanford H. (Sandy) Barnes31
Santa Barbara49
Sapphire51
Sarnoff, David44
Satellite50, 51,53,63,65,67,68,69,70,
71,72,73,76,78,79,80,81
Satellite communication65, 71, 73,80
Satellite communications system39
Satellite repeater69
Scheibner34
Schematic diagram of a point-contact transistor14
Schimpf37
Schottky11
Schottky barrier70
Science fiction63,64
Scientific American Library66
Scoff58
SCORE (Signal Communication by Orbiting Relay Equipment)74
Scout rocket73
Sealed junction technology71
Seamans72
Second Nobel in 1972 (John Bardeen)17
Seed crystal23
Semiconductor11,13,15,16,32,39,40,41, 42,44,45,50,58
Semiconductor crystal58
Semiconductor Electronic Memories42
Semiconductor industry44
Semiconductor manufacturing47
Semiconductor research60
Semiconductor revolution16
Semiconductors10,31
Shadow mask46
Sharpe, Edward A.17,47,48,52,76,77,
78,79,
80,81,82,83
Shield the interior of the film11
Shive, J. N.14,15,18,19,28,29,40
Shockley, William9,10,13,14,15,16,17,
29,40,53,54,77
Short haul and one was the big long haul backbone82
Showers34
Si Ramo31
Signal characteristics at Holmdel68
Signal Communication by Orbiting Relay Equipment (SCORE)74
Signal generators26
Silicon11,42,51,58,59,61,70
Silicon alloy diode60
Silicon crystals51
Silicon devices27
"Silicon Diffused Junction Avalanche Diodes" (An article
by K. D. Smith)54
"Silicon Diodes Protect Meters" (By K.D. Smith)54
Silicon dioxide41
Silicon point-contact microwave diodes39
Silicon rectifiers60
Silicon solar cell58, 70
Silicon transistors45
Silicon wafer60
Silver70
Simple experimental satellite64
Single crystal23,44,45
Single crystal aluminum oxide70
Single crystal germanium44
Single crystal germanium ingots31
Single crystals15,21, 39
Skin temperature68
SMEC13,17,62,75
SMEC NOTE13
SMEC UPDATE19, 22, 33,34
Smith, K. D. 4,22,23,26,33,48,49,50,
51,52, 53,56,57,62,70,74,76
Smith family48
Smits55,70
Snyder48
Society of Fellows, Harvard University16
Society of Manufacturing Engineers47
Sodium42
Soft spoken and well liked by his peers. (said about John Bardeen)17
Solar Battery48, 59, 60
Solar Battery was placed in experimental service61
Solar cell7, 40,48,50,55,58, 59,62,
68,69,70,71,76,78,79
SOLAR CELLS FOR COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN THE VAN ALLEN RADIATION
BELT (K. D. Smith co-authored)55
Solar energy70
Solar energy converter60
Solar sensors68
Solid state51
Solid State Device Research Conference69
Solid state technology48
Somerville, New Jersey45
Sound on film44
Southern Bell Telephone Company.61
Southern California82
Southwest Museum of Electricity and Communications10, 17,27,48, 49
Soviet Union64,72
Space44,55,64,73
Space borne solar power plant55
Space charge13
Space program44
Space research and exploration63
Space Shuttle74
Space station73
Space World66
Space-charge11
Space-charge layer widening ("Early effect")71
Spacious Fantasies66
Sparks20,21,23,28,29,35,40,54
Sparks and Teal Prototype54
Special Weapons Assembly Officer27
Spectrometer58
SPECTRUM71
Spenke11
Sprague45
Sputnik64
St. Andrews University16
Staff engineer48
Stanford University60, 66
Starfish Prime (atomic test that hurt Telstar I)69
Statistical information51
Status reports (from Bell Laboratories)50, 51
Stiles68
Storage battery charging tests58
Strontium 90 source69
Stuart Ballentine Medal16
Stump Neck66
Sub-panel used for solar project62
Subminiature glass diode31
Subtype 1 (Type A Transistor)13
Subtype 2 (Type A Transistor)13
Subtype 3 (Type A Transistor)13
Sullivan64
Summer school held at Bell Labs in 195116
Summerfield63
Summit, N. J.69
Superconductivity17
Suppressors80
Surface effects43
Surface leakage27
Surface phenomenon19
Surface states11,41
Surface treatments43
Surge Limitations of Junction Transistors54
SURVEYOR (un-manned probe built by Hughes for JPL)79, 81
Sweet spot31
Switching applications29
Symposium28, 30, 33
Synchronous communication satellites74
Synchronous orbit64,74
Synchronous orbit satellite71
Synchronous satellite73,74, 80, 81
Synchronous satellites for communication63
Synchronous space stations64
SYNCOM (built by Hughes for COMSAT corp.)73,74
Synthetic rubber60
Synthetic sapphire51
Syracuse, New York71
T
T. Keith Glennan66
T. N. Pope28
T0-544
TD-249,53,75,79,80,82
TD-2 has run it's course is the bandwidth problem80
TD-2 Microwave Radio Relay System53
TD-2 STORY, THE75
TE-153
TE-1 microwave relay system82
TE-253
Teachers Taught About Transistors34
Teal15,20,21,40,54
Technical articles81
Technical Memorandums50
Technical press13
TELE-TECH magazine54
Telemetry channel79
Telemetry that had the 2 year timer on it79
Telephone repeater tube26
Telephone system15
Television17,43,44,67
Television and microwave coverage74
Television picture relayed from space69
Television studio to transmitter site service53
Television transmission53
Telstar39,40,62,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,
74,75, 77,78,79, 80, 83
Telstar, A History. By John R. Pierce71
Telstar I7,50, 51, 55,71, 81
Telstar I - Dawn of a New Age69
Telstar Success67
Telstar The Management Story75
Telstar's I and II55
Telstar's orbit decay79
Telstar's orbits78
Testing facilities at carrier and radio frequencies26
Tetrode26,36,37, 40, 50
Tetrode transistor35,36,37,50
Texas43
Texas Instruments16
TH79
The $25,000 book33
The Bell Solar Battery50, 55,58,61
The Bell System48,54
"The Coaxial Transistor"31
The Communication Satellite Act73
THE GREAT TRANSISTOR SYMPOSIUM OF 195129
THE HUMAN SIDE OF EARLY ELECTRONICS44
The Institute of Physics16
The Institute of Radio Engineers37
The invisible focus of a million eyes.73
The Jack Morton Tube49
The K.D. Smith memorial49
The Later Years.55
The Maximum of Ten Rule (a K. D. Smith quantity) 48
The Passing Of A Great Physicist (John Bardeen dies)17
The Rocket Into Planetary Space (1923)73
The rural telephone system62
The Starfish Prime test69
"The TD-2 Microwave Radio Relay System" (co-authored by
K. D. Smith)53
"THE TD-2 STORY" (By A. C. Dickieson)53
THE TE and TD SERIES82
"The Transistor"29
The Wireless World74
The World Mourns The Passing Of A Great Physicist17
Theory of low temperature superconductivity17
Thermal modeling70
Thermistors50
"They like you." ( said about John Pierce)74
"They're trying to help us"72
Thin film11
Thin film "field effect" transistor11
Thirty-six risks that ranked higher than that70
Thor Delta booster72
Thor Delta vehicle73
Thornton45
Thrust to attain high orbit80
TI27,51
Tillotson65,66,71,73
Tillotson's Memorandum71
Tillotson's proposal73
TIME CAPSULE I53
TIME CAPSULE II53
Tiros satellite66
Titanium70
Tom Hudspeth73
Tradup28
Trailside Museum7
Trans-Atlantic television transmission67
Trans-continental microwave communications49
Transactions for the AIEE53
Transactions of PGMIL66
Transistor11,13,14,15,17,20,22,25,
26, 28,31,32,33,34,35, 36,37,39,43, 44,45,49,50, 71,78,79
Transistor code number 175227
Transistor action19
Transistor Chronology From The Bell Telephone Laboratories40
Transistor Development23
Transistor development15
Transistor development7
Transistor Development Department37
Transistor for the first U.S. satellite71
Transistor makers and users29
Transistor physics20,21
Transistor physics into university courses40
Transistor Pioneer Dies at 8217
Transistor replaced vacuum tubes in radios17
Transistor school40
Transistor symposium40
Transistor Symposium at Murray Hill28
TRANSISTOR SYMPOSIUM OF 195129
Transistor Teachers Summer School34
TRANSISTOR TECHNOLOGY54
Transistorized repeater experiment50
Transistors30,34, 41,50,51, 55,62,69,
70,79
Transistors Made by Dickten50
Transmission Research Department37
Transmitter power of one watt71
Transmitters63
Transoceanic communication71
Transverse electric field11
Traveling wave tube40, 64,71, 78,791
Trent28
Triode15
Tropospheric scatter communication74
TRW Electronic Components Group30
TS75
TSX-175
Tube64
Tucson, Arizona48
TV demonstration67
TV network programming49
TV signal44
TV signal relayed via Telstar67
Twenty-Five Thousand Dollar Book29
Twin planes,42
Two satellites could be nested together72
Type A13
Type A (1) 50
Type A(2)50
Type A(3)50
Type-A Transistors13
U
U. S.-Object Glitters in Sky Like a Star63
U.S. Army Signal Corps27
U.S. Army Signal Corps's Courier Sat.74
U.S. Congress39
U.S. President's Science Advisory Committee16
UC Berkley30
UCLA30
Union College16
United Press-International67
United States63,72,73,74
United States Navy42
Universities16
University of Chicago42,60
University of Glasgow16
University of Ill.49
University of Illinois Loomis Lab10
University of Illinois10,16,17
University of Illinois34
University of Leiden16
University of Leiden, Netherlands16
University of Madison16
University of Minnesota16,17
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